This tropical paradise located on the Malabar coast in south India is the epitome of architectural beauty and craftsmanship. Kerala is rich in culture and tradition, and its landscape isn’t an exception to this. While modernization is taking over our cultural roots, a few places in India, like Kerala, manage to remain a cultural hub.
A part of its tradition has deeply seeped into its architecture as well. You will be amazed how well guarded cultural roots have lodged themself in Kerala’s vernacular architecture. Temples, domestic residences, and public places still follow the age-old construction. Vastu Shastra, the Indian Vedic architectural science, and Dravidian architecture have heavily inspired Kerala. Every structure here follows the Vedic science, which states that each building has its own life, soul & personality. Hence, each construction is different from the other.
What is Vernacular Architecture?
Vernacular architecture is a form of a structure made from locally sourced material by the local unschooled architect or craftsman. Designed to adhere to the lifestyle, climate, traditions, and beliefs of the localite, it reflects the skillful craftsmanship and materials that are native to the region. Vernacular architecture is commonly detectable in rural India, where there is a lack of resources. Each indicating the local culture, for example, warli house, bamboo house, bhunga, Koti banal, etc.
These structures not only reflect the cultural aspects but are functional as well.
Kerala’s Vernacular Architecture
The importance of Vastu in Kerala’s vernacular architecture is very notable. It introduces the belief that every structure made is connected to the earth, thus has its own personality. Often depicted through intricate carving on temples, public buildings, or even at times, domestic residence. These carvings retell the story and bring out the unique sense of purpose of the structure.
Another thing mentioned in Vastu is the flow of energy. Temples are built in such a way to welcome positive energy inside and let the negative energy out. The outer structure that surrounds the temple creates an easy flow of energy throughout. Not only temples but even houses adhered to these guidelines.
Climatic Impact On Kerala’s Architecture
The coastal region is hot and humid. It rains for six months while the other is the dry season. Covered in lush green forest, backwaters, and dreamy beaches, the typical dry season tends to get humid. The dwelling structures had to be adaptive to high humidity, excess moisture, and excess rainfall. The climate of the region has heavily inspired Kerala’s vernacular architecture.
The signature steep sloping roofs are the appropriate shading devices. It covers the structure from getting sun and allows rainwater to drain down. The house plans are built to reduce heating and have an easy flow of air.
The traditional homestead is the Nalkettu which includes a sunken central courtyard with an open roof. The rest is designed around this square structure. Often families used to have a Tulsi here, or women of the house preparing for the dinner/lunch, a mother sitting oiling her daughter’s hair. A typical commonplace for families to come together. Following the steps of more open structures, every house has a verandah here. A place where you can enjoy sipping tea during the rains. All of these house detailings are the key features that ensure a good flow of air and help keep the house cool.
Many houses still follow the same structure. These are made from locally sourced materials like granite, bamboo, teak, stone, and timber. Timber can be seen used instead for furniture as well.
Kerala’s vernacular architecture is the symbol of unforgettable heritage. The shared memories, large families, and culturally rich history are spectacular sights that need to be preserved for the future to enjoy.